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Most people hate filling out tax forms almost as much as they hate forking over dough to Uncle Sam. That's why you should use the simplest tax return form you can, especially if you're still filling out your forms by hand.
But choose carefully. While all the personal income tax forms -- 1040, 1040A and 1040EZ -- are designed to get the appropriate amount of your money to the Internal Revenue Service, the differences in these returns could cost you if you're not paying attention.
The EZ is the shortest and simplest form, Form 1040A is a bit more complex, and the long Form 1040 is the most detailed and potentially difficult. But even though your tax life is simple and straightforward, it might be worth your while to investigate the other two forms. Why? Generally, the longer the form, the more opportunities for tax breaks.
How the EZ could cost you
Take the case of 2012 tax filer Joe P. Taxpayer. Joe finished college last year and got his first full-time job making $40,000. He's single, renting and has no investment income. A perfect 1040EZ filer, right? Sure, if you're Uncle Sam, because Joe will overpay his taxes by using the short form.
Why? The Form 1040EZ doesn't offer Joe some valuable tax breaks found on the other two returns.
Joe has a student loan. By filing Form 1040A he can subtract from his income the $2,500 interest he paid on that debt. He can't do that with the shortest form. Joe also started planning for his retirement by putting $5,000 into a traditional individual retirement account. Because his new employer doesn't offer a company retirement plan, Joe's deductible IRA contribution can reduce his taxable income further, but only if he files the longer form.
By choosing the 1040A over the 1040EZ, suddenly Joe owes taxes on just $32,500 instead of on his full $40,000 salary. And he's dropped into a lower tax bracket -- the 15 percent one instead of the 25 percent tier -- even before he reduces his taxable income further by taking the personal exemption that every taxpayer is allowed and his standard deduction amount.
Joe also would get the chance to reduce his actual bill if he files the longer 1040A. If Joe took a course to improve his job skills and was not reimbursed by his employer for the cost, he could claim the Lifetime Learning tax credit; it's also available on the long Form 1040. The better tax news for Joe is that a credit allows you a dollar-for-dollar reduction of what you owe the IRS. But the only tax credit available on the 1040EZ is the Earned Income Tax Credit, available only to low-income taxpayers.
So, opting to file Form 1040A instead of 1040EZ saved Joe a bundle. And there are even more tax-saving opportunities found on the long Form 1040. They might not apply to Joe, but they could cut your tax bill -- if you take the time to look over each of the forms. Here are the basic guidelines for the three individual tax returns.
Form 1040EZ
The simplest IRS form is the Form 1040EZ. And ever since the IRS doubled the earning limit on filers who use it, the EZ has been available to even more taxpayers.
The ease of the one-page 1040EZ is appealing, but it limits the number of ways to save on your tax bill.You can file the 1040EZ return if:
- Your filing status is single or married filing jointly.
- You're younger than 65. Your spouse also must meet the age requirements if you file a joint return. If you or your spouse's 65th birthday is Jan. 1, then for filing purposes you are considered to have turned 65 last year and therefore cannot file this form.
- You (or your spouse if filing jointly) were not legally blind during the last tax year.
- You have no dependents.
- Your interest income is less than $1,500.
- Your income, or combined incomes for joint filers, is less than $100,000.
As already mentioned, this shortest personal return restricts filers to claiming just one credit: the earned income tax credit, or EITC, a tax break designed to help out individuals who don't make much money.
You also need to look at those other two individual tax returns to take advantage of additional income adjustments and tax credits.
EITC, the Earned Income Tax Credit, sometimes called EIC is a tax credit to help you keep more of what you earned. It is a refundable federal income tax credit for low to moderate income working individuals and families. Congress originally approved the tax credit legislation in 1975 in part to offset the burden of social security taxes and to provide an incentive to work. When EITC exceeds the amount of taxes owed, it results in a tax refund to those who claim and qualify for the credit.
To qualify, you must meet certain requirements and file a tax return, even if you do not owe any tax or are not required to file.
EITC Assistant--Find out if you qualify for EITC this year
Find out if you are eligible for EITC by answering questions and providing basic income information. The EITC Assistant also estimates the amount of your EITC. Click here for the English version of the EITC Assistant or o hag click aquà para seleccionar la Versión en Español del Asistente,
Quick Guide to Topics on this Page (please scroll down for the following topics and more)
- Do You Qualify for EITC?
- Need Help Preparing Your Return?
- Find information on EITC and other Public Benefits and Other Child-Related Tax Benefits
- Other Resources and Tips for Claiming EITC
- Resources and Tips if You Receive a Notice from IRS or are Audited
- IRS Reports on EITC
- Missing Children Link
Guides to Find Everything EITC Online
- For You, Publication 4935
- For Return Preparers, Publication 4933
Find Specific EITC Information for:
EITC Central hosts the Partner Toolkit, the Tax Return Preparer Toolkit, Marketing Express and Information for the Press. |
Do You Qualify for EITC?
To qualify for EITC you must have earned income from employment, self-employment or another source and meet certain rules. Also, you must either meet the additional rules for workers without a qualifying child or have a child that meets all the qualifying child rules for you.
Earned Income
Find out more about what is earned income here.
EITC Rules for Everyone
Find out about the rules you and your spouse, if you file a joint return, must meet to claim EITC.
Qualifying Child Rules
If you and your spouse, if filing a joint return, meet the EITC rules for Everyone and you have a child who lives with you, you may be eligible for EITC. Your child must pass the relationship, age, residency, and joint return tests to be your qualifying child. All four tests must be met for each child you claim. Find the rules for a qualifying child for EITC here.
Rules for those Without a Qualifying Child
If you and your spouse, if filing a joint return, meet the EITC Rules for Everyone and you do not have a qualifying child, you may be eligible for EITC. Find the rules for those without a qualifying child here.
